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The Field Guide
Honey

Stingless Bee Honey

Tetragonula iridipennis (Dammer Bee)

Also known as: Cheruthen · Poothein · Kani Honey · Meliponine Honey

Rarer than saffron — produced at 100g per hive per year. The ancient honey of Kerala's Kani tribe and the Ayurvedic physician's first choice.

Kerala / Tamil Nadu

Annual yield per hive

80–150 g

Acidity

pH 3.2–4.0 (more acidic)

Water content

25–35% (higher)

Rarity

Exceptional — 200× rarer than standard honey

About

What is Stingless Bee Honey?

Stingless bee honey (Cheruthen in Malayalam) is the rarest honey in India. A single Tetragonula iridipennis hive produces only 80–150g of honey per year — compared to 20–30kg for a standard Apis mellifera hive. The honey is stored in small resin pots (cerumen) within hollow tree trunks, bamboo cavities, or clay pots. It has a distinctly sour taste due to higher organic acid content (lactic acid, acetic acid, gluconic acid), lower sugar content, and higher water activity than standard honey. Its antimicrobial potency — measured by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against pathogens — is often higher than standard honey due to its unique hydrogen peroxide and phenolic profile. Charaka Samhita specifically lists Bhramara Madhu (honey of the large black bee, likely meliponine) as superior.

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Key Compound

Lactic acid + unique phenolic profile

Higher organic acids (lactic, acetic, gluconic) create low pH that inhibits pathogens. Combined with unique propolis phenolics from Tetragonula — antimicrobial potency often exceeds Apis honey.

Nutritional Profile

What’s inside?

Sugar content~60–65 g / 100g (lower than standard honey)
Moisture25–35%
pH3.2–4.0
Antibacterial activityHigh (MIC testing)

Health Applications

Why it matters

Eye health

Traditional Ayurvedic use: Cheruthen used as eye drops for conjunctivitis and cataracts — its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties are applied topically.

Wound healing

Low pH + high antimicrobial compounds make it effective for wound care and diabetic ulcers.

Oral health

Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans — effective as a mouth rinse in traditional practice.

Ancient Wisdom

In Ayurveda

Dosha Effect

Pitta-reducing, Kapha-reducing

Guna (Quality)

Laghu (lighter than standard honey), Kashaya (astringent)

Best Season

Vasant (spring) and Sharad (autumn)

Classical Note

Ashtanga Hridayam (Vagbhata) lists stingless bee honey separately as 'Bhramara Madhu' and considers it superior for eye diseases and blood purification. Classical Ayurveda recommends it where standard honey is too heating.

Origin Story

From the field

Kerala / Tamil Nadu · Western Ghats foothills

The Kani tribe of the southern Western Ghats have practiced Cheruthen meliponiculture for generations — maintaining hollow log hives (dudlu) in their forest settlements. The traditional practice involves carefully prying open a section of the log hive with a wooden tool, extracting honey with a small ladle, and sealing the hive back with a mixture of beeswax and tree resin. The bees are never harmed. Kerala's KIRTADS (Kerala Institute for Research, Training and Development Studies of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) has documented 200+ Kani families practicing traditional Cheruthen collection in Thiruvananthapuram district.

— Try It In Your Kitchen —

Recipes using Stingless Bee Honey.

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